Urufunguzo rwubushakashatsi nogukora silicone reberi mubushinwa - dimethyldiethoxysilane

Ibikoresho by'ibanze bishyushye bya silicone rubber

Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no gukora reberi mbisi yubushyuhe bwa volcanised (bizwi kandi ko ubushyuhe bwakize) silicone reberi mu mpera za 1950.Ntabwo bitinze kwisi Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi kuri silicone.Bitewe nakazi ko kwiteza imbere gakenera umubare munini wa hydrolysates ya dimethyldichlorosilane (ikomokamo octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, cyangwa DMC); mbere, kubera kubura methylchlorosilane, biragoye kubona umubare munini; ya dimethyldichlorosilane yuzuye, kandi ntihagije kugirango igerageze itange ibikoresho fatizo byibanze bya silicone rubber octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Harakenewe kandi catalizator ikwiye mugukingura impeta polymerisation, nibibazo bikomeye mugihe cyambere cyiterambere. Byumwihariko, the umusaruro winganda za methylchlorosilane biragoye cyane, abakozi ba tekiniki bo mubice bireba mubushinwa bahembye imirimo myinshi kandi bamara igihe kinini.

Yang Dahai, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushakashatsi bwa Shenyang, n’ibindi, berekanye ingero za reberi ya silicone yateguwe kuva yakozwe na dimethyldichlorosilane yakozwe kugeza ku isabukuru yimyaka 10 y’umunsi w’igihugu.Lin Yi na Jiang Yingyan, abashakashatsi b'Ikigo cya chimie, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubushinwa, na bo bakoze iterambere rya reberi ya methyl silicone hakiri kare.Mu myaka ya za 1960, ibice byinshi byateje imbere reberi ya silicone.

Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda kwa synthesis itaziguye ya methylchlorosilane muburiri bwashushe, hashobora kuboneka ibikoresho fatizo byo gusanisha reberi mbisi ya silicone.Kuberako icyifuzo cya silicone cyihutirwa cyane, nuko hariho ibice muri Shanghai no mubushinwa bwamajyaruguru kugirango bitangire gukora reberi ya silicone.Kurugero, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bwa Shanghai muri Shanghai cyiga synthesis ya methyl chlorosilane monomer hamwe nubushakashatsi nogupima ka rubber silicone;Uruganda rukora imiti ya Shanghai Xincheng hamwe n’uruganda rwa resin rwa Shanghai rusuzuma synthesis ya reberi ya silicone duhereye ku musaruro.

Mu majyaruguru, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya sosiyete ya Jihua, uruganda rukora imiti mu Bushinwa, rukora cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere reberi y’ubukorikori.Nyuma, ikigo cyubushakashatsi cyongereye ubushakashatsi niterambere rya silicone reberi iyobowe na Zhu BAOYING.Hariho kandi ibigo bishushanya n’inganda zitanga umusaruro muri sosiyete ya Jihua, bifite imiterere myiza yubufatanye bumwe kugirango itezimbere inzira yuzuye kuva methyl chlorosilane monomer kugeza reberi ya silicone.

Mu 1958, igice cya organosilicon cyo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imiti cya Shenyang cyimuriwe mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushakashatsi cya shimi cya Beijing.Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushakashatsi cya Shenyang cyashyizeho ibiro by’ubushakashatsi bwa organosilicon iyobowe na Zhang Erci na ye Qingxuan kugira ngo biteze imbere monosilicon monomer na rubber silicone.Dukurikije ibitekerezo bya Biro ya kabiri ya Minisiteri y’inganda z’inganda, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’imiti cya Shenyang cyagize uruhare mu iterambere rya reberi ya silicone mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’uruganda rukora imiti rwa Jilin.Kuberako synthesis ya reberi ya silicone nayo ikenera impeta ya vinyl, nuko rero Shenyang Institute of Chemical Research Institute for synthesis ya methylhydrodichlorosilane hamwe nandi moko ya organosilicon.

Icyiciro cya mbere cyakozwe na reberi ya silicone muri Shanghai ni "amayeri yumuzunguruko"

Mu 1960, uruganda rukora plastike rwa Biro y’inganda z’inganda rwa Shanghai rwahaye uruganda rukora imiti rwa Xincheng inshingano yo gutunganya reberi ya silicon ikenewe byihutirwa n’inganda za gisirikare.Kubera ko igihingwa gifite chloromethane, umuti wica udukoko ukomoka ku bikoresho fatizo bya organosilicon, bifite uburyo bwo guhuza methyl chlorosilane, ibikoresho fatizo bya reberi ya silicon.Uruganda rwa Xincheng ni uruganda ruto rwa leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, rufite abatekinisiye babiri gusa, Zheng Shanzhong na Xu Mingshan.Bagaragaje ibibazo bibiri byingenzi bya tekiniki mumushinga wubushakashatsi bwa silicone rubber, kimwe nukweza dimethyldichlorosilane, ikindi nukwiga inzira ya polymerisation no guhitamo catalizator.Muri kiriya gihe, abaterankunga ba organosilicon n'abunzi bari babujijwe kandi bahagarikwa mu Bushinwa.Muri kiriya gihe, ibikubiye muri dimethyldichlorosilane muri synthesis ya methylchlorosilane monomer mu buriri bwashizwe mu rugo byari bike, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryiza rya distillation ryari ritarashyirwa mu bikorwa, bityo ntibyashobokaga kubona umubare munini w’ubuziranenge bwa dimethyldichlorosilane monomer nkibisi mbisi ibikoresho bya rubber.Kubwibyo, barashobora gukoresha dimethyldichlorosilane gusa ifite isuku nke ishobora kuboneka muricyo gihe kugirango bategure ibikomoka kuri ethoxyl na alcool.Intera iri hagati yubushyuhe bwa methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) nu mwanya wo guteka wa dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) nyuma yo kunywa inzoga nini ni nini, kandi itandukaniro ryibibyimba ni nka 40 ° C, byoroshye gutandukana, bityo dimethyldiethoxysilane ifite isuku nyinshi irashobora kuboneka.Hanyuma, dimethyldiethoxysilane yashizwemo hydrolyz kuri octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4).Nyuma yo gucikamo ibice, hakozwe isuku nyinshi D4, ikemura ikibazo cyibikoresho fatizo bya reberi ya silicone.Bita uburyo bwo kubona D4 binyuze muburyo butaziguye bwa alcoolise "tactique circuit".

Mubyiciro byambere byubushakashatsi no guteza imbere reberi ya silicone mu Bushinwa, habaye kutumva neza uburyo bwo guhuza ibishishwa bya silicone mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba.Ibice bimwe byari byagerageje gutondekanya impeta ya primitique nka acide sulfurike, chloride ferricike, sulfate ya aluminium, nibindi. Noneho, catisale isigaye irimo ibihumbi magana ya molekile yuburemere bwa silika gel yogejwe n'amazi yatoboye kuri roller ebyiri, bityo rero ni inzira itifuzwa cyane kugirango ukoreshe iyi cataliste.

Zheng Shanzhong na Xu Mingshan, aba cataliste bombi b'agateganyo basobanukiwe n'imiterere yihariye, batekereza ko ifite gushyira mu gaciro na kamere yateye imbere.Ntishobora kuzamura ubwiza bwa reberi ya silicone gusa, ariko kandi yoroshya cyane imirimo nyuma yo gutunganya.Muri kiriya gihe, ibihugu by'amahanga byari bitarakoreshwa mu gukora inganda.Bahisemo gushushanya hydroxide ya tetramethyl ammonium na hydroxide ya tetrabutyl fosifonium bonyine, barayigereranya.Batekerezaga ko ibyambere byari bishimishije, bityo inzira ya polymerisation iremezwa.Noneho, ibiro amagana bya reberi ya silicone ibonerana kandi isobanutse byakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho byabigenewe kandi byakozwe.Muri Kamena 1961, Yang Guangqi, umuyobozi wa Biro ya kabiri ya Minisiteri y’inganda z’imiti, yaje mu ruganda kugira ngo agenzure kandi yishimiye cyane kubona ibicuruzwa bya reberi yujuje ibyangombwa.Nubwo igiciro cya reberi yakozwe nubu buryo kiri hejuru cyane, reberi ya silicone ishobora gukorwa cyane igabanya ubukene bwihutirwa muri kiriya gihe.

Uruganda rwa resin rwa Shanghai, ruyobowe n’ibiro by’inganda z’inganda za Shanghai, rwabanje gushyiraho uburiri bwa diametero 400mm mu Bushinwa kugira ngo rukore methyl chlorosilane monomers.Numushinga washoboraga gutanga methyl chlorosilane monomers mubice icyo gihe.Nyuma yibyo, mu rwego rwo kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda za silicone muri Shanghai no guhindura imbaraga za silicone, Ibiro bishinzwe imiti bya Shanghai byahujije uruganda rukora imiti rwa Xincheng n’uruganda rwa resin, kandi rukomeza gukora ikizamini cy’ibikoresho bikomatanyije by’ubushyuhe bukabije bwa silicone. rubber.

Ibiro by’inganda z’inganda bya Shanghai byashyizeho amahugurwa yihariye y’amavuta ya silicone n’umusemburo wa silicone mu ruganda rwa resin.Uruganda rwa resin rwa Shanghai rwaragerageje gukora amavuta menshi ya vacuum diffusion pompe, ubushyuhe bwibice bibiri byubushyuhe bwa silicone rubber, fenyl methyl silicone amavuta nibindi, bibujijwe nibihugu byamahanga.Uruganda rwa resin rwa Shanghai rwahindutse uruganda rwuzuye rushobora kubyara ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya silicone mubushinwa.Nubwo mu 1992, kubera ihinduka ry’imiterere y’inganda muri Shanghai, uruganda rukora resin rwa Shanghai rwagombaga kureka umusaruro wa methyl chlorosilane n’abandi ba monomor, ahubwo rugura abamonomeri n’abahuza kugira ngo bakore ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.Nyamara, uruganda rwa resin rwa Shanghai rufite uruhare rutazibagirana mugutezimbere monomers organosilicon hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer organisilicon mubushinwa.